Epidemiology and Etiology of Outlet Obstruction †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Epidemiology and Etiology of Outlet Obstruction. Answer: Introduction: Alan Jones is 60-year-old man who was admitted to hospital for surgery following urinary symptoms that led to a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). He has a history of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alan lives alone but his adult son is with him on admission and reports that his father drinks a lot of alcohol (at least a bottle of wine per night). Alan was taken to surgery and underwent a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) under spinal anaesthesia. After 2 hours in the post-anaesthetic recovery room (PARU) he was transferred to the ward. He has continuous bladder irrigation via a three lumen urethral catheter. His urine contains large blood clots. After Alan was taken to the ward, it was detected that Alan was suffering from high Blood pressure, high heart rate and body temperature. He also reported difficulty to respiration and he reported no symptoms of pain in his body parts. However, he was detected with the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The BPH is an extremely common form of disease. The advanced forms of the age of men are the risk factor for the enlarged form of the prostate. Half of all the men over 50 have developed the symptoms of BOH and only 10% of them proper medical or the surgical form of the interventions (Oelke et al., 2013). In the disease of benign prostrate hyperplasia, the prostrate tends to grow larger. It may be compressed from the urethras that have been coursed from the centre of the prostrate. This can effectually cause the urine back up in the bladder that leads to the increase in the frequency to urinate during day and night (da Silva et al., 2015). The other form of the common symptoms includes the low flow of the urine, the need to urgently urinate and have difficulty in starting of the stream of the urinary. The Benign prostrate hyperplasia (BPH) is an enlarged form of the prostate glands in men. The prostate gland surrounds the walls of the urethra. It acts as a tube those carriers the uri ne from the bladder to the out of the body (da Silva et al., 2015). However, when the prostate gland gets bigger it blocks and squeeze in the paths of the urethra. This causes a major of problem with the process of urinating. The BPH has occurred in almost all the men, as they tend to age (Oelke et al., 2013). The BPH is not a form of cancer. An enlarged form of the prostrate can be very big problem in future. However, it is not a very serious form of a problem. The Benign prostate hyperplasia is probably the normal part of the process of aging in men that are caused by the changes in the balances in the hormone and the growth in the cell (Oelke et al., 2013). The process of the hyperplastic in the prostrate begins in the periurethral region that includes the zone of the transition. These phenomenons are influenced due to several reasons that leads to the increase in the number of cells and the size of the epithelial and the stromal proliferation or the apoptosis. The capsule of the prostate is another form of the developed that are caused by the LUTS by transmitting the several form of the pressure of the expansion of the tissue that have the expansion to the urethra and the increased form of the resistance of the urethra (Patel Parsons, 2014). Despite there are a significant success in the use of the alp-ha blockers and the alpha reductase inhibitors are in the reducing rates of the risks of the progression of the LUTS, 20% of the men with BPH will have to experience the urinary retention that are related to the prostate may require surgery that can be within one year after the initiation of the drug. After the procedure, it is very likely to place the catheter in the place because there is a swelling that may eventually block the flow of the urine (Mehta Baikady, 2015). However, if the patient is unable to urinate after the tube has been removes, the doctors reinserts the catheter and allows few times of the day until the swelling goes down and the patient can urinate very normally. The patients may experience several side effects after going through the surgery. However, these side effects are not so much threatening (Mehta Baikady, 2015). The first side effect that can be observed is the occurrence of blood in the urine. It is a very normal phenomenon to see the blood for the few days after the procedure. The doctors help can be needed when there are clots in the urine or the bleeding is worsened. The second effect is the irritation symptom in the urinary tract. The patient might feel the urgent need to urinate or you might have the habit to urinate late at night. However, post the surgery, most of the men faces the burning effect at the tip of their penis and near the end of the urination. However, with some of the laser surgery these symptoms can last for weeks or even for months depending on the how much time they need to heal and also depends on the size of the prostate of the patient (Mehta Baikady, 2015). However, the other form of the problem that are seen in the patients are the patients finding it difficult to hold the urine. This inconsistence can occur as the bladder of the patient is used for having to push the urine through the urethra that is narrowed by the enlarged form of the tissues of the prostrate. In case of most of the men, this kind of issue resolves with time. However, depending on the type of the prostrate the laser surgery is given to the patients and they have to stay in the hospital overnight before getting the discharge and going home. However, the doctor always recommends the patients to take the surgery without any stress. They asks the patients not to take any form of strenuous activities such as the lifting of heavy weight until they improves (Nicholson, 2015). The doctor also advices the patients not do get involved in any sexual activity as it can cause more pain and bleeding. Lastly, the patients need to follow proper form of medications. The national trial of the treatment of the Emphysema used as the multidisciplinary approach for implementing the maximum rate of the protocol for the medical care that includes the adjustments of the medications and the outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation for all the patients and the nutritional counselling are also needed. The interdisciplinary team normally consists of the dieticians, physiotherapist and the antitheist for the case of Alan. However, this phenomenon discusses the benefits of the approach in the care of the patients with the chronic form of the obstructions that can cause the pulmonary diseases. The role of the team members is to complement each other and to contribute to the major goal of providing an excellent quality of the medical care (Nicholson, 2015). The focus of the team is to reinforce the plans of the medical fields and to provide the best possible form of the care to the education of the patient and provide great support. However, it reviews the initial form of the elements of the assessment of the patients and for the nutritional assessment of the patients. By developing a plan, it can be assessed that the initial plan of care begins with the assessment of the patient (Bagla et al., 2015). The completed history and the physical examination can be obtained from the patients and there if it is needed there are various inputs from the support person. The dietician also plays an integral part in their case. The patient is prescribed to take less amount of water for the night as it will cause less pressure on the bladder of the patient. The physiotherapists are involved for giving the various forms of physiotherapy to improve the flow of urine of the patients. As the patient was given spinal anaesthesia, the anaesthetist should give a proper amount of anaesthesia to have a smooth surgery of the patient. References Bagla, S., Martin, C. P., van Breda, A., Sheridan, M. J., Sterling, K. M., Papadouris, D., ... van Breda, A. (2014). Early results from a United States trial of prostatic artery embolization in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology,25(1), 47-52. Biardeau, X., Aharony, S., Campeau, L., Corcos, J. (2016). Artificial urinary sphincter: report of the 2015 consensus conference.Neurourology and urodynamics,35(S2). da Silva, R. 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